The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Networks

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Networks Chapter by chapter guide Presentation Favorable circumstances of Social Networks Detriments of Social Networks Effect on individuals later on Information Collection and Analysis Suggestion Book reference Supplements This exploration report has responded to the inquiries for example what is interpersonal organization? What are the points of interest and hindrances of interpersonal organizations? How interpersonal organizations will impact on individuals later on? The examination report will indicate in the fields of instruction and business, which are two of the most significant fields in the cutting edge world, as parts of favorable circumstances of interpersonal organizations. Then again, the report will feature the serious issues of today world, for example, online wrongdoing what's more, dependence on informal organizations as essential detriments. In addition, there are investigations and forecasts worried with the strength of informal communities and how they will effect on individuals later on. Avocation The fundamental purpose behind picking this exploration point is on the grounds that my advantage lies in that field. Furthermore, I am expected to indicate my examination in media transmission designing, which is a part of my significant investigation, electrical building, at the University. Web can be said as the base of media transmission frameworks and informal communities are augmentations of the web. For every one of these associations and reasons I picked the subject in the inquiry. 1.Introduction 1.1 What is informal organization? An informal organization is a social structure comprised of a lot of entertainers, (for example, people or associations) and complex set of the dyadic ties between these entertainers (Wikipedia.org) Web based life is any type of online distribution or nearness that permits end clients to take part in multi-directional discussions in or around the substance on the site (OnlineMatters.com) Web based life and long range interpersonal communication center around two-path connections, between the website (or the individual running the webpage) and the individuals perusing or utilizing it (Salpeter,2011,p.6) Two-way associations implies that remarks are permitted in that blog and there could be cooperations between the essayist and any individual who give remarks. 1.2 History of informal communities 1.2.1 Evolution of web The web innovation was presented during the 1960s. The trailblazer of the cutting edge Internet was called ARPANET and it was made in 1969 by a worked for the Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the U.S Department of Defense. Fundamentally, they simply needed to construct an electronic correspondence framework that could convey military information without unsettling influence. In 1971, a specialist Ray Tomlinson, designed the principal electronic mail (email) program. After twenty years, in 1991, British researcher, Tim Berners-Lee, designed World Wide Web and made Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that build up joins. 1.2.2 Development of informal communities Informal communities advanced since the web innovation was first evolved during the 1960s. One of the main online networks was Usenet, which was made by Duke University graduate understudies, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis. Usenet was like a conversation gathering where understudies can impart their insights and proposals. In 1984, comparative strategy for online cooperation called Bulletin Board System (BBS) was presented. Afterward, the development of informal communities soared with the creation of World Wide Web by a British researcher, Tim Berners-Lee, in 1991. One of the most prevailing informal organizations in the history, Friendster, was established by Jonathan Abrams and propelled in 2003. Alongside Friendster, LinkedIn and MySpace likewise become well known in their particular fields. After 2003, the informal organizations become so well known that, when Facebook was propelled in 2006, the Internet clients had in excess of 200 social systems to look over. These days, Facebook is viewed as the best informal organization with over 1.06 billion month to month dynamic clients, 680 million portable clients, in excess of 50 million pages and 10 million applications. (April, 2013 information) 2. Favorable circumstances of informal communities 2.1 Education Field In the review directed by Pew Internet Projects research, it demonstrated that 67% of online grown-ups utilize interpersonal organizations. This information depicts the way that interpersonal organizations can be utilized to improve the training of grown-ups and understudies since they as of now have certain effect on the students. The primary favorable position is that understudies can additionally investigate themes that they are keen on by utilizing on the web person to person communication since they may have restricted assets and time in school. Aside from that, for grown-ups with one of a kind interests, it isn't simple to discover companions with same enthusiasm to talk or examine with. In any case, interpersonal organizations interface these individuals with the ones with same enthusiasm, where they can interface with individuals from various pieces of the world. Then again, instructors can exploit students㠢„â ¢ long range informal communication capacities to make conversation discussions, class websites and web based instructing. Such coordinated effort among understudies and instructors, acting informal communities as a medium, can enable the understudies to pick up chances to cover information in a more extensive zone and seek after intrigue. Schools likewise utilize interpersonal organizations as a transitional to stay in contact with understudies. Certain systems, for example, Facebook, Moodle, Secondlife, Digg and different systems are frequently utilized by educators to associate with understudies and to wait of-study hall conversations. Along these lines, it is very evident that few focal points are watched for the effect of interpersonal organizations on the training field. 2.2 Business Field Long range interpersonal communication happens online where individuals meet and offer thoughts, proposals and encounters. Along these lines, it is comparative to a non-halting correspondence with an expansive crowd through an assortment of stage or destinations. This is one of the factor that the associations are keen via web-based networking media since they can get various types of proposals and criticisms from individuals. Numerous organizations utilize informal communities, for example, Twitter and Facebook to associate with clients and forthcoming customers. This leads to a brilliant open door for work searchers to get familiar with the association and effectively interface with individuals who work there. Employment searchers can get familiar with the ones working, through these online networking, and once they accomplish solid nearness on these systems, it gets practical to contact the individuals with the power to enlist a representative. Various types of informal communities pass on compelling approaches to secure positions. One can look about the organization in Google by essentially composing the name of that organization. Facebook, Twitter and FourSquare are brilliant informal organizations to have the option to connect with the individuals who work in the association. On the off chance that fortunate, one can meet with an enrolling operator and have some discussion also, conversations which could expand the opportunity to land the position. Besides, ones profile can be disseminated on the social systems, which will expand the likelihood of landing the position. Mariam Salpeter, the organizer of Keppie Careers proposes that, Creating an online nearness permits employing supervisors, selection representatives, associates and companions to find out about you, what you offer and what you need. Its a method to attract occupations to you rather than you investing your energy looking through the employments (Salpeter,2011,p.75) One of the most significant thing to call attention to the effect of informal organizations on business field is, online networking promoting. By acting informal communities as venturing stones, online networking advertising can increase a great deal of advantages including relationship building, brand building, exposure, advancements, etc. Along these lines, it tends to be inferred that online networking promoting proposes a few open doors for business visionaries, independent ventures, fair size organizations and huge partnerships to construct their brands what's more, business. (Gunelius,2011) 3. Inconveniences of informal communities 3.1 Crime Featuring the advantages of informal organizations, it doesnãÆ'⠢㠢‚⠬㠢„â ¢t essentially implies that there are no downsides in them. As of late, online wrongdoing which is otherwise called Cybercrime, proposes an expanding danger to all the web clients. This incorporates online sexual misuse and digital harassing. One of the primary issues to destroy cybercrime is that it is difficult to recognize the wrongdoer and it is practically difficult to keep full-time observation in such a wide system. 3.1.1 Online sexual misuse One of the most forceful types of cybercrime is the online sexual misuse. This incorporates sharing sex entertainment, convincing for sex and sex talk. There are more than 665000 enlisted sentenced sex guilty parties in the United States of America, agreeing to an examination dispatched by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. This implies one in each seven kids has been drawn closer by a sexual stalker on the web. That is 13% of kids who utilize the web. Additionally, the Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) referenced that the normal sex wrongdoer annoys for a long time previously he is at last gotten. In that life expectancy, he has submitted and normal of 318 offenses and damaged 110 casualties. With respect to these information, it very well may be obviously observed that online sexual misuse has been decimating the lives of youngsters who use informal communities. (Hoffman,2012) 3.1.2 Cyber bullyingCyber harassing is unique in relation to eye to eye tormenting as the domineering jerks can't be distinguished effectively and they have conviction that all is good that persuades them they wont get captured. Not knowing the damage that they caused to casualty, the harassers don't feel any blame or sympathy. Digital tormenting is additionally a type of cybercrime which incorporate various branches. The most well-known sort is called provocation, where the damaging and offending messages are over and over sent to the person in question. Different sorts of digital harassing, for example, flaring, denigration, pantomime, trip, craftiness, and rejection are likewise found in the realm of interpersonal organizations. The most significant way is c

Models In The Fashion Industry Cultural Studies Essay

Models In The Fashion Industry Cultural Studies Essay In the contemporary world, design has become an incredible power. For the greater part of the individuals in our day by day life, style is something they read about or purchase in stores. From a wide perspective, style implies all things and a worldwide business which covers a differing scope of business exercises, going from the unglamorous universes of mass piece of clothing creation to big name disparaged design appears and the related reportage in the design press (JacksonShaw, 2009). In the style world, displaying industry assumes a focal job in its turns of events. A huge number of individuals, particularly those young ladies, are dreaming to be engaged with the design business. In their impression, models work in picture takers studios or runways or on the front of magazines, they are in a fun; models are inventive in light of the fact that they make their own look (Parmentier Fischer, 2011). They are simply the portrayal of imaginative innovativeness and articulation who cons istently change their presentation to extend a suitable picture for various circumstances and explicit customers and structures. In this sense, in spite of whether those adolescents have ever looked for or picked up passage into the field of design, in these days, they are urged to respect the life of the style model as a perfect fantasy. It is no misrepresentation to propose that numerous little youngsters treat being a design model as among the most impressive and alluring of potential fates (Wolf, 1991). This article centers around the genuine status of models in the design business. Review models self-commodification as types of tasteful, enterprising, and irrelevant work, I turn my consideration on the spellbound work of design models. Basing on the basic hypothesis, this article utilizes three methodologies (The way of life industry, Governmentality, imagination) to investigate how certain on-screen characters in a dynamic, continually challenged, social field may encounter requirements on their individual personality journeys. In the first place, I contend that how the life of models looks like to the majority, and search for certain reasons that why individuals might want to seek after the life of being a model. At that point I center more conversations around the impractical displaying character extends in the design business. Go about as the stylish work, models are confronted with numerous limitations and dangers not just originate from the gatherings that they help out like office, architect, manager, yet additionally their rivals. Other than of that, a few models likewise experience the ill effects of the separation and imbalance in view of the divisions of the design demonstrating industry. So in this segment, I will take the larger estimated model for instance so as to propel our understanding the institutional settings in style industry and our knowledge into the restrictions of those not general models face in seeking after their professions. Looking through technique For a profound and extensive comprehension of design displaying, the most ideal approach to do the exploration is utilizing member perceptions and meetings. As per numerous researchers, they embrace this technique talking with models in various levels, sexual orientation, age, etc. Basing on the inquiries and substance, they do information choice to incorporate the significant data and report the outcomes. Due to certain restrictions, be that as it may, I can't do such meeting, so I exploit different assets. This postulation for the most part embraces two techniques for study. One is narrative research technique, which is gathering an enormous number of materials about the displaying style industry so as to comprehend this field and occupation all the more thoroughly. To start with, I select a few books and diaries which running from the historical backdrop of style industry, for example, promoting todays design (Paola Mueller, 1980), to the improvement of this field like Angela McRo bbies British design configuration: Rag exchange or picture industry? (1998). Basing on the ancestors look into accomplishments I report a serious stylish work process. I additionally search data on the web to see the characters of style models and a few discussions on the design demonstrating industry. Also, I give close consideration to an unscripted TV drama American Britains Next Top Model. By watching and investigating the procedure of the opposition and track the future improvement of members I understand the mercilessness of style displaying industry. The other looking through strategy is similar examination approach. So as to feature the opposing work in this tasteful work advertise, I think about the diverse treatment between the high style models and business models, and the segregation of those larger measured models. Writing survey Since it is considered to have begun in the mid-nineteen century in Paris, models has showed up in the perspective on general society. With certainty and eagerness, noteworthy quantities of young ladies propelled their own names from the mid-1980s onwards. Back to the history, there are some basic variables to the accomplishment of beginning of style industry which incorporate the help from the legislature and nearby authority by endowment; the participation between architects with the makers, organizations and works; acknowledgment of the peculiarity of design fill in as an autonomous social and masterful practice, not a regular business action. The ongoing looks into have concentrated consideration on various parts of exemplification in contemporary work rehearses, for example, specifying the manners by which bodies are overseen and studied at work (Freeman, 2000; Entwistle, 2004), how substantial exhibitions at work are gendered (Taylor and Tyler, 2000; Gottfried, 2003) and the job of dress in checking out personalities at work (Entwistle, 2001). At that point an exemplary record of passionate work as significant regarding opening up inquiries concerning the manners by which contemporary work rehearses outfit the many typified abilities of laborers. Inside this wide research motivation, investigation has been coordinated towards stylish work as one component of ebb and flow inclines in work rehearses (Pettinger, 2004; Speiss and Waring, 2005). In this article, I contend that past grant on demonstrating style industry only occasionally investigate the strains between design as work of art and the interest of a mercilessly business industry. Expanding on past research that has inspected the arranged presentation of design models, I search for the behind the stage tasteful work process. Consolidating society industry, governmentality and imagination, I center around the unreasonable character extends in the demonstrating design industry. The conflicting work in the demonstrating design industry From the catwalk to the high-style boutique, the regular impression of the displaying design industry is allure and extravagance. For sure, to numerous individuals particularly in these days, style demonstrating is substantially more than an occupation, yet a fantasy of each and every young lady. Similarly as the women's activist researcher Naomi Wolf recommends that it is a dream that likely the most boundless contemporary dream shared by young ladies from all foundations (Wolf, 1991). Individuals aims the perfect model life, which intends to turn into an individual from a world class and little gathering. Their bodies and characters are seriously looked for after for their tasteful peculiarity and consequently they can get a few rewards, for example, cash, acclaim, sumptuous merchandise just as big name status. Without a doubt, those models vocations constrained in the field of style as well as reach out to other socially commended callings like vocalist or film on-screen character . The models function as the tasteful work, which consolidates the full of feeling, passionate and physical work, they play to a propelling self creation to reach out past the bounds of displaying work into every day beneficial experience. As tasteful workers, they are requested the exertion of body in the creation of a fittingly alluring appearance for work. In any case, practically speaking, models are consistently liable to styles look, and persevere through numerous limitations or segregations originating from both outside and themselves, for example, they need to participate in a scope of real trains that depended on slight feel, and accomplish on past work hours, and so forth. We will discuss the limitation from the accompanying angles. 3.1 Personality In contemporary society, models are viewed as strolling mannequins or inactive holders for garments. The demonstrating business moves in shorter cycles than at any other time, contrasting and different segments, it is a character based and abstract industry. In demonstrating a lot of accentuation is put on the projection of character (Entwistle Wissinger, 2006), which shapes an essential part of the stylish work of outsourcing models. Along these lines models consider their to be as objects of tasteful consideration through all way of real work. It simply adjust to the governmentality hypothesis that Banks (2007) comes up in his book. It exhibits that as opposed to utilizing power and pressure, how the social laborer has come to be represented distinctly by subjectivizing talks of big business. So models who need to succeed talk of turning out to be self-overseeing and insightful about their item their whole epitomized self, must do restraint to guarantee their present status. To cre ate an in vogue look, models need to wear the most chic garments and go to the most popular gatherings. This circumstance won't be changed until they are effective. On account of supermodels, they may no longer need to obey others guidance; they will be given the architect garments, can help out recognized picture takers and even can extend the profession into different parts. Take Tyra Banks for example, as a phenomenal multi-abiding star, she started her vocation as model, all the while she ventures into different callings being the host of unscripted TV drama, the entertainer, vocalist and artist. Every one of this field she has accomplished astounding accomplishment. These practices include both stylish work, in which laborers put resources into styling their bodies and characters to get and keep work (Entwistle Wissinger, 2006), and innovative work, in which laborers contribute time, vitality and assets to cultivate proficient relati

Ready for Spring Cleaning

Ready for Spring Cleaning Spring has sprung, and a new month is peeking its head around the corner. Whos ready for some spring cleaning? Look, we all know that decluttering is kind of boring, and spring cleaning sounds dreadful, but weve found a way to make it fun with some friendly competition. We call it the 30-Day Minimalism Game.  Decluttering made  enjoyable. So grab a friend, family member, or coworker and start playing. Lets clear the clutter from our lives and make room for whats truly important. Join tens of thousands of our readers by sharing your photos and stories on social media using the #MinsGame hashtag. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Night, By Elie Wiesel - 1087 Words

Night by Elie Wiesel The aim of this book review is to analyze Night, the autobiographical account of Elie Wiesel’s horrifying experiences in the German concentration camps. Wiesel recounted a traumatic time in his life with the goal of never allowing people to forget the tragedy others had to suffer through. A key theme introduced in Night is that these devastating experiences shifted the victim s view of life. By providing a summary, critique, and the credentials of the author Elie Wiesel, this overview of Night will reveal that the heartbreaking events of the Holocaust transformed the victims outlook, causing them to have a lack of empathy and faith. Wiesel began by describing his life as a child in the town of Sighet, Transylvania. He was devoutly religious, and, after dark, would receive lessons about the Kabbalah’s revelations and mysteries from the poorest citizen of Sighet, Moishe the Beadle. Soon, Moishe was taken away from his home town when all foreign Jews were expelled from Sighet by the Hungarian police. Wiesel, along with all of the other people remaining, thought nothing of this. After many months, Moishe the Beatle returned. He had miraculously escaped the Galician Forest and came back a changed man. â€Å"The joy in his eyes was gone. He no longer sang. He no longer mentioned either God or Kabbalah. He spoke only of what he had seen.† (Wiesel, 7). Moshie was only one of the many men in Night to be transformed by the horrors of the Holocaust; eventually, evenShow MoreRelatedNight by Elie Wiesel646 Words   |  3 PagesTen years after WWII, Elie Wiesel’s novel Night was published in 1955. Night describes â€Å"his memories of life inside four different Nazi death camps,† as he was one of the few Jews to survive the Holocaust during WWII (Sanderson). Wiesel’s autobiographical novel makes him â€Å"the best-known contemporary Holocaust writer and novelist,† and reveals the impact of the concentration camps on humanity and for the individual (Sibelman).As a negative Bildungsroman, Night depicts â€Å"a coming of age story in whichRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesNight is a first-hand account of life for Elie Wiesel as a young Jewish teenage boy living in Hungary and eventually sent to Auschwitz with his family. The moment his family exits the cattle car the horror of Auschwitz sets in. His mother and sisters become separated from him and his father immediately, their fate sealed. Elie stays with his father and right away a stranger is giving them tips on how to survive and stay together. Immediately told to lie about their a ges, making Elie a little olderRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1372 Words   |  6 Pageselse† (Wiesel ix). Years after he was liberated from the concentration camp at Buchenwald, Elie Wiesel wrote Night as a memoir of his life and experiences during the Holocaust, while a prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Scholars often refer to the Holocaust as the â€Å"anti-world†. This anti-world is an inverted world governed by absurdity. The roles of those living in the anti-world are reversed and previous values and morals are no longer important. Elie Wiesel portraysRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1960 novel, Night, Elie Wiesel utilizes several literary devices, including the symbology of nighttime, motif of religious practices, and theme of father-son relationships, in order to emphasize the atrocities of the Holocaust specifically for Jews. Wiesel’s first hand experience in concentration camps allows for a vivid retelling of what many people had to endure. The symbolic portrayal of the nighttime helps to add a deeper meaning to the text. The title of the novel, Night, brings the symbolRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1476 Words   |  6 PagesIn Night, by Elie Wiesel, one man tells his story of how he survived his terrible experience during the Holocaust. Wiesel takes you on a journey through his â€Å"night† of the Holocaust, and how he survived the world’s deadliest place, Auschwitz-Birkenau. Elie Wiesel will captivate you on his earth shattering journey through his endless night. Elie Wiesel’s book Night forces you to open your eyes to the real world by using; irony, diction, and repetition to prove that man does have the capability toRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel1661 Words   |  7 PagesNight Sequel Proposal Night is an account of the Holocaust and persecution of the Jewish people, written by Elie Wiesel. Elie Wiesel wrote, â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky† (Night). Remembering the events of the Holocaust andRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel996 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand how deeply literal and symbolic the book entitled Night by Elie Wiesel is. The novel brings light to the reader about what the Jews faced while in the fire, hell and night; nonetheless, the author portrays each and every day during this year as a night in hell of conflagration. Were this conflagration to be extinguished one day, nothing would be left in the sky but extinct stars and unseeing eyes. (Wiesel 20). When Wiesel arrived a t the camp he counted the longest dreadful ten stepsRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel809 Words   |  4 Pagespractically unbearable. Everyday you wake up with this feeling that you’re going to die; sometimes you don’t even fear this happening. In the book â€Å"Night† the author Elie Wiesel takes the reader to a place in time that they wouldn‘t ever want to journey to. He gives you a picture of the real gruesomeness and terrifying circumstances that came from the Holocaust. Wiesel tells of his time spent at the Auschwitz concentration camp, and then to Buchenwald. Though the book is only a little over one-hundred pagesRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel1636 Words   |  7 PagesElie Wiesel s Night chronicles his experience surviving in a concentration camp. He, along with every other Jew in his town, and many more throughout Europe, were sent to concentration camps for no fault of their own. Hitler, the fascist dictator of Germany and most of Europe, hated t hem because of their religion. He considered them a separate, inferior race and created the concentration camps to kill them all. Elie lost his mother, little sister, father, and nearly everyone he knew to these factoriesRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel842 Words   |  4 Pagesthemes of Night and the imagery that the author, Elie Wiesel, uses to create them. The themes we will discuss are identity, silence, and night. !!!About the Book If you were an observant Jew who believed in a loving God, then you and your family were captured by a group of ill-intentioned people, causing the death of your family, what would you think about whether God and humans are good or not? That is the main concern of Eliezer, the main character in Night. Night was written

Threatening Relationships in Carver’s Cathedral Essay

Threatening Relationships in Carver’s Cathedral Although many critics have written numerous accounts of Richard Carver’s Cathedral as being about revelation and overcoming prejudice, they have overlooked a very significant aspect: the unfolding of marital drama. The story tells of how a close outside friendship can threaten marriage by provoking insecurities, creating feelings of invasion of privacy, and aggravating communication barriers. The close outside friendship between the narrator’s wife and Robert, the blind man, provokes the narrator’s insecurities. This friendship has lasted for ten long years. During those years, they have exchanged countless voice tapes wherein they both tell each other what has happened in†¦show more content†¦In addition, the narrator’s insecurity worsens when his wife shows Robert extra attention (28). Not only did the narrator feel insecure, he also feels that Robert’s arrival into their home is an invasion of his privacy. Critic Richard Eder said, In ‘Cathedral’ a husband who has long resented his wife’s devotion to a blind man grudgingly puts up with the blind man’s visit (103). The husband resents the thought of the blind man sleeping in his house (Carver 1054). Studies in social psychology show that people can react strongly to trespassers on their personal space. The narrator’s home encloses that personal space and thus he feels that Robert is intruding his privacy. Furthermore, the narrator is plagued with preconceived notions about blind people. For example, he thinks blind people do not smoke, should have dark glasses, and carry a cane (1056). Therefore, to have another man—blind at that—who is close to his wife and sleeps in his house is just too much for him to bear. Through the narrator’s eye, Robert is an intruder not only to his personal privacy but also an intruder to his supposed private relationship with his wife. Could the narrator be threatened by the history shared between his wife and the blind man? After all, Robert came into the wife’s life long before the narrator met her. Therefore, one could begin toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral1696 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Everyone has ghosts in their closets; something they are running from, or trying to bury alive. Cathedral, written by Raymond Carver, takes place in the early 1980’s. Originally published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1981. Carver slightly revised the story and re-released it in 1983. At a time when the blue collar working class lived paycheck to paycheck, working hard for newfound luxuries such as color television, this short story is humorous and eye-opening for the reader. For adultsRead More Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay6977 Words   |  28 Pages In quot;The Compartment,quot; one of Raymond Carvers bleakest stories, a man passes through the French countryside in a train, en route to a rendevous with a son he has not seen for many years. quot;Now and then,quot; the narrator says of the man, quot;Meyers saw a farmhouse and its outbuildings, everything surrounded by a wall. He thought this might be a good way to live-in an old house surrounded by a wallquot; (Cathedral 48). Due to a last minute change of heart, however, Meyers chooses

Children in the Third World Essay - 1471 Words

Children in the Third World We live in an imperfect world where poverty is a reality. Forty thousand children die per year of starvation. Over 1 billion cities face unemployment and poverty day to day. Three-fourths of the worlds largest poverty population live in the Third World Countries, which includes underdeveloped countries, mainly Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Originally the term Third World meant all those not supporting communism and the Western countries. Now, it is a term used to describe the poor countries of the world. These countries face hunger, diseases, illiteracy, and poor health care on a day to day basis. They have high population increases, the death rates have lowered over the years, but the birth rates are†¦show more content†¦Unequal distribution of goods can account for most of the third worlds poverty. The conditions are worsening, and will continue to do so until something is done. Just in the last 40 years, the worlds population has gone from 2 billion to nearly 5 billion. According to the UNICEI, three fourths of that number are ranked as having high under 5 mortality rates. These are labeled as the developing countries, which takes up two thirds of the worlds population, which in turn, two thirds of that population are children. Each year 14.5 million infants die, and 1 million are above age 1. In Africa, 4.3 million children die yearly, and that only accounts for 30% of all infant deaths. It is predicted that that will be raised by 15% by the end of the century. Many fail to look at the social welfare issues with more depth. They do not see the actual effects of the symptoms on the entire group. This may result in poor action in developing a help plan. The effect of world conditions on the children has worsened over the years. For the weakest countries, the consequences are the greatest, just as for the children, the weakest suffer the most. The financial resources provided for children in poor homes is the number one way that children suffer. Because of the set backs of the third world countries, government services for children have been cut in half. What are these children to do? They cannot helpShow MoreRelatedThroughout the world millions of laborers and children in Third World Countries work in sweatshops.600 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout the world millions of laborers and children in Third World Countries work in sweatshops. In these facilities workers are abused, underpaid, and cramped into unsanitary working conditions full of di sease and death. Nonetheless, workers cannot abandon the sweatshops they work in, because they fear their families would starve. If fired they could easily be replaced by another readily worker; that is why workers dont oppose their employers injustices, because they fear becoming unemployedRead MoreThird World Countries Education788 Words   |  4 PagesChildren in Trouble The object of education, is to prepare young children to educate themselves throughout their lives, but schools in third world countries do not have this opportunity. The third world education system needs first world help. However, the first world is not fulfilling their global responsibilities to help these countries. Children in third world counties, such as Haiti and Papa New Guinea, deserve a better education and more support. Education in the third world faces challengesRead More Child Labor in the Third World Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesChild Labor in the Third World The problem of child labor has become an ever-increasing concern among many nations. Many of the worst child labor offenses take place in Third World countries. Throughout these nations, children are being forced to work long hours in terrible conditions for little or no money. To fully understand child labor, one needs to address the reasons for supporting and opposing child labor, its effect on underdeveloped countries’ economies and the child laborers, and whatRead MoreEssay On Behind Every Great Women1650 Words   |  7 Pagesout their stereotypical responsibilities as a woman, which includes caring for their families and housework. They are entering the work force, whether that means emigrating to another country or obtaining a high paying job near home. Although the world is full of empowered women who have broken out of the stereotypical female role, this role has not disappeared; it has only been transferred and not without consequences. 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Social Justice and Change in Global World - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Justice and Change in Global World. Answer: Introduction In the modern day scenario, there are several issues being faced on a global level. People often become selfish about their own selves without taking into consideration the sufferings and pain of all the people of the world. It is the time that people all over the world start thinking about taking measures that would help them to promote the common good. In other words, it is the time that the young people of the country join hands together (Wagner, 2005). One such global issue is taking care of the elderly. It is high time that people all over the world must realize that the old generations of people are not the burden but the asset of the society (Nicholas, 2010).There are several instances when the older people are not allowed to afford a minimum acceptable standard of living. This is because in many parts of the world the elder people are not allowed to work after they reach the age of retirement. They suffer from the employment crisis. After reaching the age of retirement the ol d people have to give up working at seat at home. However, they do have the support of their family members to care for them but in most of the cases, it is being seen that the family members are not being too much care towards their elder generations. The two most commonly seen barriers are that the old people are being stereotyped as dependent and unproductive (John Paul II, 1998).They are being seen as an extra burden that will not be contributing anything towards the overall income of the family but will be utilizing a good portion of the earnings for their own self. They are insulted not only by their families but also in their respective workplaces. It has been seen in a national survey that a large section of people above the age of 50 was denied job opportunities. They were also being denied further training to prosper on the job. This also results in a huge loss for the economy of Australia because they lose a large amount of skilled workforce due to the age discrimination among employees. Remedies There are several measures that must be taken by the company to deal with this issue of global concern. The first and foremost measure that can be taken by the State is reducing the age discrimination among the employees. It is because of this practice that a large number of people become unemployed every year. After losing their job they have to sit idle at home and are often ill-treated by their own family members. So, the first important step that has to be taken is to offer ample employment opportunity. This opportunity must be extended to the elder generations of people even after their age of retirement so that they can be working for a longer period of time. This will no longer make the old people feel dependent on their family members. They will no longer be treated as unproductive or dependent (Bishops, 1979). The next measure that has to be taken is to change the mindset of the state. The old people are often ill-treated at the workplace. Care has to be taken so that the improvement measures are taken on a full form. In other words, the measures that are being adopted by the Government to increase the age of retirement of the elder people must not leave their work halfway (A VOTE FOR THE VOICELESS A statement by the Catholic Bishops of Australia on the election, 2016). They must see that these elderly people are often all the suitable amenities within their workplace. Often it is seen that the elder people are being misbehaved by the companies that are actually hiring them. It has to be noted by the company that the old people are not to be viewed as a means of value creation. There are many people who have already reached a considerable age and must not be expected to work very hard in the offices. It has been declared by the Church that proper employment opportunities are to be established not only for the economic benefit but also for the purpose of social recognition. In other words, not only must the state give extended job opportunity to the old people but they have to make sure that the old people are also treated with proper dignity and respect. An older employee might be 60 years of age. So, it has to be understood by the state that though he can manage to remain at the office for a certain time period but he is too old to serve unlike the rest of the young employees. So, it will really be unjust to ask him to work at the same pace like the rest of his co-workers. He has to be given some special benefits like regular breaks within the working hours, a separate cabin with proper amenities like a soft padded chair so that they can sit and work comfortably. All the other staffs must make sure that they are behaving properly with the elder people. They are to be given flexible shit timings and a peaceful work environment (Sullivan, 2013). Among the elder people who suffer due to unemployment, the women need some extra attention. This is because the elderly women are the ones who are doubly dominated. Throughout a major portion of their lives, they are busy in taking care of their family members. Though they might have received employment opportunities,but it was not really very helpful for them as it had very little chances of growth and development. There were often discriminations among men and women and the pay for the women was much less than that of men. As a result of this, the number of pensions available to women was also much less (Cochran, 1999). This led to the very low amount of savings for the elderly women and most of them have to spend their lives in utter misery during old age. Even in the present day scenario, the balance for women is almost half than that of men. However, there has been the introduction of compulsory superannuation which looks after proper pay of elderly women(Devitt, C). Hence, the elderly women must be entitled to some special advantages like very like flexible working hours, comfortable working ambiance, provisions for fixed leave with payment. Apart from this, some kinds of housing and medical allowances must also be granted for women. Proper measures have to be taken for looking after the homeless people. Homelessness is a major challenge faced by people in Australia. Most of the homeless people are the elderly people who have either abundant by their families. Hence, there has to be a joined effort taken by the Church and the State to provide proper accommodation free of cost or at a very low affordable price. The state must collaborate with the Church and follow the Biblical preaching as per which all people are equal. There must not be any discrimination done to people. People must be able to give up greed and materialism and value the principles of love, dignity, and respect (Mel, 2009). The ultimate objective must be to give up seeing the old people simple in terms of productivity and materialism but they must be given proper respect and dignity. It is time for the youth of the society to come together and set up various campaigns and organizations for supporting the elderly people. Conclusion Thereby, it can be concluded that, it is the duty of all the members of the society to come together and work together for promoting a common good. In other words, people must stay true to the catholic teachings and must put in their joined efforts to make it a success. One such cause is taking care of the elderly. Often the old people are neglected by their families as soon as they reach the age of retirement. As they no longer make any monetary contributions to their families, they are seen as dependent and unproductive. However, it is at this point of time they are in need of immense support. The family members and the society as a whole must take care of the elderly and provide them sufficient opportunities for working and living a respectable life. References A VOTE FOR THE VOICELESS A statement by the Catholic Bishops of Australia on the election. (2016). (pp. 2-3). Braddon: Australian Catholic Bishops Conference. Bishops, U. C. (1979). Brothers and Sisters to Us. InWashington, DC: United States Catholic Conference. Google Scholar. Clark, M. J. (2014).The Vision of Catholic Social Thought: The Virtue of Solidarity and the Praxis of Human Rights. Fortress Press. Cochran, C. E. (1999) The Common Good and Healthcare Policy May-June 1999. Devitt, C. Justice in the Global Economy: What It Means for Earth-Care. Donley, S. R., Grandjean, C., Jairath, N., McMullen, P. Nursing and the Common Good November-December 2006. Francis, P. (2017).A place at the table: social justice in an ageing society Australian Catholic Bishops Conference(pp. 5-15). GOTTEMOELLER, S. D. Advocacy as an Expression of Charity. John Paul II, P. (1998). Respect for Human Rights: the secret of true peace.Origins,28(28), 489-493. Mel, D. (2009). Integrating personalism into virtue-based business ethics: The personalist and the common good principles.Journal of Business Ethics,88(1), 227-244. Nicholas, V. (2010).Choosing the Common Good(pp. 1-17). London: Alive publishing house. Sullivan, J. (2013).Catholic education: Distinctive and inclusive. Springer Science Business Media. Vote for the Common Good (Catholic Bishops Conference of England and Wales) (2001). Wagner, W. J. (2005). Universal Human Rights, the United Nations, and the Telos of Human Dignity.Ave Maria L. Rev.,3, 197.

Catcher And The Rye Essays - Literary Realism,

Catcher And The Rye CATCHER IN THE RYE FINAL ESSAY ?Loneliness? Ever felt like there needs to be someone there to talk to, cry with, fight with, or just need a hug from? Those feelings dwell from loneliness, something Holden Caulfield knows all about. Holden Caulfield, J.D. Salinger's main character in the book The Catcher In the Rye, is young man on the verge of having a nervous breakdown. One contributor to this breakdown, is the loneliness that Holden experiences. His loneliness is apparent through many ways including: his lack of friends, his longing for his dead brother, and the way he attempts to gain acceptance from others. Holden Caulfield is currently attending Pencey private school; well technically getting the boot from there for his poor academics, and this is his third school he has now been through. At Pencey, just as in the past two schools, Holden has troubles making friends. To Holden, everyone is either corny of phony. He used the term to describe what a person is if they don't act naturally and follow other people's manners and grace. Holden didn't like phonies, he thought of them as if they were trying to show off. He didn't like it when they showed off because it seemed so fake and unnatural every time they would do it. When Holden was on his way to the bar, he shared his insights about the piano player Earnie. ?Earnie's a big, fat, colored guy who plays the piano. He's a terrific snob and won't hardly talk to you unless you are a big shot or celebrity or something, but he can really play the piano. He's so good, he's almost corny in fact? (page 80). Also on page 126, he makes reference to Earnie's playing again. ?They [people outside the theater] acted a little bit the way old Earnie, down in the village, plays the piano. If you do something too good, then after a while if you don't watch it, you start showing off. And then you're not as good anymore.? Holden does not allow himself to have friendship because of his ?he is corny? attitude. Right away in the beginning of the book, the reader knows that Holden is lonely when he separates himself from the rest of the Pencey students by watching the football game from Thomsen Hill and not the grand stands. ?..you could hear them [students in grand stands] all yelling, deep and terrific on the Pencey side, because practically the whole school was there except me? (page 5). Holden wasn't a very sociable person partly because he finds himself better than many others. He dislikes his roommate because of his generic leather luggage. ?Its really hard to be roommates with someone if your luggage is better than theirs, it really is? (page 109), says Holden. He dislikes his roommate over something so insignificant as luggage. Holden sits in his room reading, cause he has no friends to be with. A kid named Ackely is his next door roommate, and he doesn't seem to want a friendship with him either. Holden finds Ackely's zit crusted face ridiculous and doesn't want him in his room at first. This should light a bulb in the readers head and signify internal problems with Holden and shows he has a lot of loneliness. Holden's loneliness is apparent in more than just him lacking friends. His loneliness shines through by the way he misses his deceased brother, Allie. Holden makes several references to Allie and how the two used to do stuff (page 38, 68, 98, 138, 140, 155, 198, 210). Holden deeply misses his brother and even talks to him out loud (page 98). I believe Holden misses his brother more than others because Holden never got that final closure to his brother's death; Holden never went to Allie's funeral, and so I believe that Holden didn't get to say his good-bye. What Holden did do though, is punch out all the windows in the garage the night of Allie's death. When Holden gets deeply depressed and lonely, he just talks to Allie- wishing that Allie was still here to do stuff with. By not letting go of Allie, it is visible to the reader how

Top 10 Work From Home Jobs You Should Consider

Top 10 Work From Home Jobs You Should Consider Working from home sounds a little like winning the lottery, or having a pet unicorn. There are so many scams out there, but also real, valid employment opportunities that let you actually work from home. Though there are more than 50  scams to every legitimate posting, there are real jobs out there. These are particularly beneficial to parents who want to spend more time with their kids, military spouses who have to follow their partners to bases around the world, retirees, and anyone homebound by disability. But many entry-level workers are also increasingly attracted to these sorts of flexible positions. and some companies are seeing the cost-cutting merits of an increasingly telecommuting workforce. Here are 10 of the best stay-at-home careers for you to look out for when weighing your prospects.1. Virtual Assistantsome companies or individuals can’t afford a full-time employee but still need administrative and assistant help. if you’d make a great assistant and ca n set up a company of your own, or work for an existing one, this is a potential opportunity.2. Medical Transcriptionfor a median wage of $17+ per hour, you could listen and type up doctors’ dictations. it often requires the ability to listen through thick accents, environmental noise, and even chewing, but it can be good work nonetheless.3. TranslatingIf you’re fluent in more than one language, you can translate audio or text files- particularly with culture and idiomatic differences in mind. and this field is projected to increase by 29% in the coming decade, as more companies are willing to hire competent translators from different geographical locations. median hourly wage just under $21/hour, and government (highest paying) gigs paying a median annual wage of over $52k per year.4. Web Development/DesignMost of the home-based hiring is now being done in the it sector. web developers and designers are in such high demand that it is one of the easiest fields in which to find remote work- if you have the relevant skills and talent.5. Call Center RepLots of call centers are giving way to home office workers staffed individually in their own location. some companies hire you directly, while others hire you as on a subcontract basis. pay might be by the minute, not the hour, and likely won’t include time spent between calls. But it’s still a decent gig.6. Tech SupportTech support specialists are also hired by call centers to work remotely. It’s considered one of the top work-from-home jobs and expected to increase by over 88,000 jobs in the coming years. If you’re tech savvy enough, it might be the move for you.7. Travel AgentIf you’re well-traveled, good with logistical details, and a bit of an entrepreneur, you could easily start your own at-home travel agency. This business concept has increased markedly in the last decade, and is expected to grow even more.8. TeacherThere are more and more opportunities out th ere for students to learn remotely. Another, similar option: marketing yourself as a private, virtual tutor.9. Writing/EditingLong considered the white whale of employment opportunities, there are real jobs to be found out there in this field. writing blog posts, revenue sharing, proofreading- these are only some of the gigs you could get.10. Franchise OwnershipOwning a business can be the key to your financial freedom- and to never having to go into an office again. franchises are an easy first option, as most of the most complicated legwork was already completed for you in advance. the best bets involve the newest trends in the green movement, wellness, or technology.Do be wary of scams. make sure the hirer is an actual, established company, that the posting includes its real name and an actual email with that company’s name in the address, that there is an hr contact available for questions you might have, that it contains similar information about perks and compensation t hat a â€Å"normal† job description might include, that there is an application/interview process of some kind, and that samples of your work and/or references are requested.

Individual critical review report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Individual critical review report - Essay Example Secondly, change must not be ambiguous to the employees within the organization. For that reason, the change agents should communicate the intended change and give such people time to think it over. If change is to be adopted and effectively impact on the organization, all the affected parties must be given an opportunity to decision making. Change is a continuous process that an organization seeks to undertake. It is determined by the demands within the environment. For instance, the current economic depression has made several organizations focus on reduction of cost of operation. To achieve this, the management teams in these organizations are carrying out retrenchments. On the other hand, an organization may require all the employees to have technological skills. This is especially to enable them handle the technological advancement within the organization. Recent change currently experienced In the recent past, I have been able to appreciate the need for change within an organiz ation. In the past few months, I had volunteered myself to work in a given nongovernmental organization. It deals with the services to the community including and not limited to the response and mitigation of drug use amongst the young. As one of the volunteers, my main work was to collect and file data for future reference. However, most of the work within the organization was done manually and every individual seemed comfortable about that. With the dream of expanding the organization and ensuring efficiency, the management announced that it was going to avail new technology in the organization. All the employees were therefore expected to be ready for the new organization culture. One amazing thing is that the news was received with mixed reactions by most of the employees. There are those who felt as if the new technology was going to take away their jobs. Others like me focused on the positive aspect of the new development. I knew that with the new technological advancement, th e quality of work will improve and documents will be much safer. The main aim of the proposed change apart from efficiency was to cut down the cost of operation. The organization was experiencing an inflated cost of operation owing to the increased cost of purchasing materials. Papers and books were mostly used for keeping data. There was need for downsizing to enable the organization run effectively and sustainably. It is this thought that created tension amongst the employees. The employer had to release some of them to remain with a more manageable number of employees. However bad it sounds, it is part of organization change and therefore must be carried out. The main purpose should be to ensure that organization could sustain itself. Theories employed There are various theories of change that can be used in explaining the alterations witnessed in many organizations. However, for the purpose of the organization I was working at, two main theories of change were in use. These incl uded Lewin’s 3 state model theory of change and 8-step change model. In the first category, Lewin states that change goes through three main stages. These include the unfreezing, change and the refreezing stages (Burnes 2004, p.89). This represents exactly what was happening in the organization where I was working. The first state according to this theory is to alter the culture that people have been used at. This is the

Market Imperative and Popular culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Market Imperative and Popular culture - Essay Example So how is it connected with market imperative And what really is market imperative Market imperative is basically an economic concept that states that the consistent need of producers to seek new markets forces them to cross national boundaries and exploit foreign markets. In other words, the need to seek new frontiers might push national boundaries to the extent that there is little difference left in national and foreign markets. When a country's producers push their own boundaries, they create new boundaries and thus embrace foreign land into their own scope of influence. This is a logical concept but due to rapid globalization, this concept has become a curse for the world. America stands at the very center of this heated debate about national boundaries extension. If a country that seeks to extend its control to other countries chooses to market its products and services to foreign lands, it automatically gains access to their social and moral fabric. And while it may be trying to only sell its products but it intentionally or unintentionally also manages to sell its values and norms to other countries thus triggering a process of homogenous culture.

Isolation of β-Amyrin from Plant Parts of M. barteri

Isolation of ÃŽ ²-Amyrin from Plant Parts of M. barteri ISOLATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE TRITERPENE Î’-AMYRIN FROM THE AERIAL PLANT PARTS OF MAESOBOTRYABARTERI(BAILL). Abstract Maesobotrya  barteri(Baill), belonging to the family EUPHORBIACEAE, is a medicinal plant growing widely in tropical Africa. The Aerial plant parts of Maesobotrya barteri (Bail) were collected fresh from Orokam, Ogbadibo local Government of Benue State, Nigeria in July, 2013. Taxonomical identification was done by Mallam Musa Abdullahi at the Herbarium unit of Biological sciences Department, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria. Pulverized aerial parts of Maesobotrya  barteri (960g) was exhaustively extracted successively using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol and concentrated in the rotary evaporator at 40oC. The ethylacetate fraction having the highest activity against test microbes from preliminary crude microbial screenings was subjected to phytochemical studies, antimicrobial analysis and column chromatography (CC). The column chromatography yielded fraction EN, which was further purified using preparative thin layer chromatography to give EN1. The structure of the isola ted compound was established using 1-D NMR and 2-D NMR spectroscopic analysis and by direct comparism with data reported in literature was confirmed to be ÃŽ ²-amyrin. The bioactivity of this compound was carried out using some clinical pathogens and the activity compared with standard drugs and this was found to be comparable with the standard drug. Keywords: Maesobotrya  barteri; Medicinal plant; bioactivity; Ethylacetate extract; ÃŽ ²-amyrin Introduction Maesobotrya sp is a variety of flowering plant belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae, or by some authors classified in Euphorbiaceae. The Euphorbiaceae plants are shrubs, trees, herbs or rarely lianas [1]. Plants of the Euphorbiaceae are known to be rich in terpenoids (69.5%) [2]. In Nigeria, the species M.barteri is under-exploited although the tree is of both medicinal and nutritional importance [3]. Maesobotrya species are used medicinally in different regions in Africa [4]. It bears succulent black-purple fruits that are edible and stain the tongue. The nutritive values of the fruits and seeds have been studied in Southern Nigeria [5]. Thus, this study aims at validating the antimicrobial effects of the aerial plant parts of Maesobotrya barteri used in traditional medicine in Orokam town of Benue State,Nigeria, as well as potent compounds that can be used as precursors for synthetic drugs. The presence of secondary metabolites in plants generally has been confirmed by [6], [7] and [8] through useful procedures and suggestions to get to targeted precursors which are of useful aids in the formulation of modern drugs. Plant Material The aerial parts of Maesobotrya barteri were collected from Orokam in Ogbadibo local government area of Benue State in the month of July, 2013. They were properly identified at the herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The whole plant was sorted, air dried under shade, segregated and pulverized by mechanically pounding them using wooden mortar and pestle. The pulverized plant material was stored away from moisture. Extraction 980.54g of the pulverized plant materials were carefully weighed and loaded into a Soxhlet extractor. It was extracted successively with Petroleum ether (60-80oC), Chloroform, Ethyl acetate (76-78oC) and Methanol by hot continuous percolation method in the Soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours respectively. Solvents used were those of JHD and general purpose reagents The extracts were concentrated in vacuo at 40oC using rotary evaporator and subjected to air drying to give dried crude extracts. Isolation The ethyl acetate extract was the most sensitive extract from the antimicrobial screening and was subjected to column chromatography (CC) for fractionation. Solvents used to run the column chromatograghy were sealed and are products JHD with 98% purity. Fifteen grams (15g) of the extract was dissolved in ethyl acetate and preadsorbed on 10.0g silica gel (qualikens 60-120 mesh). The dried pre-adsorbed extract was transferred to a mortar and ground to give a fine powder and was added at the uniform layer on top of the column. The petroleum ether descended on a horizontal line indicating that the column was well packed. A total of 105 fractions (50mls) each were initially collected using gradient elution with a solvent combination of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, starting with 100% petroleum ether with an increasing polarity of 1% ethyl acetate. Similar fractions were pulled together based on monitoring from TLC. Fractions F20-F25 were pulled together at the ration of 8:2 and where subjected to further purification using Preparative thin layer chromatography to obtain a solid white amorphous substance which after several trails using different solvent combinations showed a single spot which was visible under the UV lamp and after spraying the TLC plate with 10% H2SO4 and oven dried for 5minutes at 60oC. The solid white amorphous substance produced was insoluble in ethyl acetate or petroleum ether but soluble in chloroform. Results and Discussion From the preliminary antimicrobial screening of the crude aerial plant parts extracts of M. barteri, ethylacetate extract exhibited the highest activity against the test microbes used via their zones of inhibition. Therefore, an activity guided isolation was undertaken. Bioactivity of Compound EN1 Pure Isolate The antimicrobial activities of compound EN1 isolated from ethylacetate extract of the aerial plant parts of M. barteri was examined and agar disc diffusion method [13] was employed for the determination of the antimicrobial activities. The pure compound was determined using some pathogenic microbes; the microbes were obtained from the department of Medical Microbiology Ahmadu Bello University Teaching- Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. The determination of minimum inhibitory concentration was carried out using the nutrient broth susceptibility assay prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions, as recommended by NCCLS [14]. Minimum inhibition McFarland turbidity standard scale number 0.5 was prepared to give turbid solution. Normal saline was prepared and was dispensed into test tube and the test microorganism was then inoculated into the normal saline, incubation was at 37oC for 6hrs, dilution of the microorganism in the normal was performed until the turbidity marched that of the McFarland by visual comparison at this point the microorganism had a concentration of about 1.5à Ã‚ ¥108 cfu/ml. Minimum Bactericidal and fungicidal concentration of compound EN1 was carried out to check whether the test microbes were killed or only their growth was inhibited. Mueller Hunton agars were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instruction, as recommended by NCCLS [14]. They were boiled to dissolve and were sterilized at 121oC for 15 minutes, the media were cool to 45oC and the medium (20ml) was poured in to sterile Petri dishes, the plates were covered and allowed to cool and solidify. The contents of the MIC in the serial dilution was inoculated on to the media, the media were incubated at 37oC for 24hrs for the bacteria and at 30oC for 1-7 days for fungi, after which the plate were observed for colonies growth. The MBC/MFC was the plate with lowest concentrations of the extract without colony growth. Table 2 shows the Zones of inhibition (mm) of the pure the compound EN1 from the ethyl acetate fraction which showed remarkable activity against twelve of the sixteen organisms tested. Compound EN1 could not inhibit the growth of Corynebacterium ulcerans, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus nigre. The various minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum Bacteriocidal concentration and fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) for the different microbes are as shown in Tables and the bioactivity of the aerial plant parts of M. barteri is comparable to the drugs Ciprofloxacin, Fluconazole and Fulcin used as positive controls. Table 2: Zone of inhibition of Compound EN1 against the test microorganism Test Organism Compound EN1 Ciprofloxacin Fluconazole Fulcin Staphylococus aureus 32 37 0 0 Streptococus pyogenes 30 35 0 0 Streptococcus feacalis 32 39 0 0 Corynebacteruim ulcerans 0 32 0 0 Escherichia coli 32 38 0 0 Klebsiella pneumonia 32 40 0 0 Salmonella typhi 30 42 0 0 Shigella dysenteriae 30 40 0 0 Candida albicans 0 0 35 0 Candida krusei 27 0 37 0 Candida tropicalis 0 0 32 0 Candida stellatoidea 25 0 37 0 Microsporum sp 26 0 0 38 Aspargillus fumigates 0 0 0 32 Aspargillus nigre 0 0 0 34 Trichophyton rutarum 28 0 0 38 Table 2 and 3 shows the activity of the compound EN1 which the spectroscopic analysis was proposed to be a ÃŽ ²-Amyrin or ÃŽ ²-Amyrenol, (C30H50O, 426.7 g/mol). Antimicrobial screening reported from other natural products has also confirmed the microbial properties of ÃŽ ²-Amyrin. ÃŽ ²-Amyrin was isolated from Ardisia elliptica [9], a medicinal plant used for alleviating chest pain, fever, liver poisoning and parturition complications. It was found that ÃŽ ²-Amyrin was six times as active as aspirin in inhibiting platelets aggregation. ÃŽ ²-amyrin was isolated for the first time fromLaurencia microcladia, marine algaedistributed widely in Egypt found to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeurginosa [10]. Table 3a: Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) Test Organisms 3.12 µg/ml 6.2 µg/ml 12.5 µg/ml 25 µg/ml 50 µg/ml Concentration Staphylococus Aureus o* + Streptococus Pyogenes o* + + Streptococcus Feacalis o* + Escherichia Coli o* + Klebsiella Pneumonia o* + Salmonella Typhi o* + Shigella Dysenteria o* + Candida Krusei o* + + Candida Stellatoidea o* + + Microsporum Sp o* + + Trichophyton Rubrum o* + + KEY: = No turbidity (No growth), o* = MIC, + = Turbid (Growth) Table 3b: Minimum Bactericidal Concentration and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) Test Organisms 3.12 µg/ml 6.2 µg/ml 12.5 µg/ml 25 µg/ml 50 µg/ml Concentration Staphylococus aureus o* + + + Streptococus pyogenes o* + + + Streptococcus feacalis o* + + + Escherichia coli o* + + + Klebsiella pneumonia o* + + Salmonella typhi o* + + + Shigella dysenteria o* + + + Candida krusei o* + + + Candida stellatoidea o* + + + + Microsporum sp o* + + + + Trichophyton rubrum o* + + + KEY: = No turbidity (No growth), o* = MBC/MFC + = Turbid (Growth) Spectra results The structure of compound EN1 was elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), 1-DNMR and 2-DNMR and also by comparing the obtained data with already existing literature. The results obtained are as shown in the table. H1NMR: 7.2401, 5.2346, 3.2100, 3.2021, 3.1911, 3.1836, 2.3241, 2.1768, 2.1585, 2.0742, 2.0181, 2.0023, 1.9942, 1.9793, 1.9727, 1.9067, 1.9012, 1.8923, 1.8865, 1.8621, 1.8455,1.8379, 1.8227, 1.7276, 1.7067, 1.6857, 1.6669, 1.6529, 1.6353, 1.6302, 1.6127, 1.5952, 1.5890, 1.5669,1.5463, 1.5230,1.4987,1.4836,1.4667,1.4579,1.4402,1.4276,1.3730,1.3429, 1.3195, 1.2990, 1.2780, 1.2630, 1.2329,1.1813,1.1514,1.1169,1.0870, 1.0639,1.0316, 1.0195,0.9989, 0.9759, 0.9681, 0.9404, 0.9322, 0.9217, 0.9088, 0.8927, 0.8841, 0.8680, 0.8591,0.8450 0.8341 13CNMR: 137.9624, 125.9002, 79.0731, 77.2169, 77.0054, 76.7938, 55.2568, 52.7408, 47.9239, 47.5759, 42.0388, 39.5194, 39.0811, 38.8495, 38.7715, 38.6441, 37.0200, 36.7105, 33.0001, 30.6267, 29.6969, 29.3557, 28.1492, 28.0359, 27.2530, 24.2027, 23.5770, 23.3098, 21.1608, 18.3150,17.0954, 16.9846, 15.5986, 15.4777. The 13C NMR spectrum (Figure 3) showed thirty (30) major recognizable carbon signals, eight methyl groups at ÃŽ ´37.0200 (C-22), 28.0359 (C-23), 15.5986 (C-24), 15.4777 (C-25), 16.9846 (C-26), 24.2027 (C-27), 17.0954 (C-28), 28.1492 (C-29), 23.3098 (C-30) and a secondary hydroxyl bearing carbon 79.0731 at (C-3). It also showed some recognizable signals at ÃŽ ´ 125.9002 and 137.9624 ppm which is assignable to the double bond at C-12 and C-13. In addition, ten methylene groups, eight methyl groups , six quaternary carbons atoms from DEPT experiment were observed. The chemical shift at ÃŽ ´137.962, 125.9002 which are C-12 and C-13 and the consistent flow of methyl groups from C-23 to C-30 were characteristic peaks for a ÃŽ ²- Amyrin type of skeleton [11] and [12]. 1HNMR, 13C NMR and DEPTH spectra of the proposed compound ÃŽ ²-amyrin Figure1: 1HNMR Figure 2 : 13C NMR Figure 3: DEPT Table 4: Comparison of 13C NMR spectrum data of ÃŽ ²-amyrin Obtained from the Aerial parts of M. barteri with literature Carbon Position ÃŽ ´13CNM ÃŽ ´ppm ÃŽ ²-amyrin, Experimental ÃŽ ´13CNMR ÃŽ ´ppm ÃŽ ²-amyrin, Literature [12] ÃŽ ´13CNMR ÃŽ ´ppm ÃŽ ²-amyrin, Literature [11] 1 38.8495 38.7 37.3 2 27.2530 27.2 28.28 3 79.0731 79.3 71.85 4 38.7715 38.5 37.30 5 55.2568 55.1 36.81 6 18.3150 18.6 21.12 7 38.6441 32.4 42.35 8 39.5194 39.8 45.90 9 47.9239 47.6 50.18 10 36.7105 36.9 36.55 11 23.5770 23.6 24.33 12 125.9002 121.7 121.70 13 137.9624 145.2 140.81 14 42.0388 41.7 44.36 15 29.3557 26.2 26.13 16 21.1608 26.1 23.11 17 29.6969 32.6 48.48 18 47.5759 47.2 45.89 19 39.0811 46.8 39.82 20 30.6267 31.0 36.49 21 33.0001 34.7 34.00 22 37.0200 37.1 31.71 23 28.0359 28.0 29.3 24 15.5986 15.4 19.84 25 15.4777 15.4 19.10 26 16.9846 16.8 18.90 27 24.2027 25. 9 18.30 28 17.0954 28.4 19.20 29 28.1492 33.8 36.18 30 23.3098 23.7 19.42 Proposed structure EN1-(C30H50O, 426.7 g/mol) Name: ÃŽ ²-Amyrin or ÃŽ ²-Amyrenol Conclusion The isolation of ÃŽ ²-Amyrin from the aerial plant parts of M. barteri, whose bioactivity was established from this work by its zone of inhibition, is comparable to the drugs of Ciprofloxacin, Fluconazole and Fulcin. This justifies why the plant really serves as a general purpose antibiotic in traditional medicine in our society. The preliminary phytochemical screening also shows that the ethylacetate extract contains other classes of compounds that can be further isolated and tested for microbial activities and this can lead to chains of discoveries as the quest of precursors for modern drugs are continually on course.

Cognitive Development and Language Skills Development :: language and communication

Cognitive Development and Language Skills Development â€Å"Cognitive development underpins all the other aspects of development as children start to explore and make sense of the world around them. It is closely linked to the development of language and communication skills as children interact with the people around them.† There are many theories written on the subjects of cognitive development and language and communication. These theories vary in several ways, but they all seem to make the link between the too subjects. Childcare settings put these theories into practise in a lot of ways, sometimes without even realising it, just through conversation. Cognitive development ===================== Piaget’s theories of cognitive development are that children learn through exploration of their environment. An adult’s role in this is to provide children with appropriate experiences. He said that cognitive development happens in four stages. 1. Sensory – motor  · Babies and young children learn through their senses, activity and interaction with their environment.  · They understand the world in terms of actions. 2. Pre – operations  · Young children learn through their experiences with real objects in their immediate environment.  · They use symbols e.g. words and images to make sense of their world. 3. Concrete operations  · Children continue to learn through their experiences with real objects.  · They access information (using language) to make sense of their immediate and wider environment. 4. Formal operations  · Children and adults learn to make use of abstract thinking. Piaget also believed that children would only learn when they are ready. Children's use of language represents their stage in cognitive development, but he didn’t see language as a ‘central’ to children's development, as cognitive development begins at birth and is required for language development. He also states that children are egocentric – they can’t understand another person’s point of view. Criticisms of Piaget’s work =========================== Margaret Donaldson suggests that Piaget underestimated young

One Man Control Essay

What is Meant By One Man Control? One man control or one man business (also called sole proprietorship) is the simplest form of business organization. The description ‘One man business’ or ‘one man control’ is sometimes con as misleading one, as there may be more than one persons working as employees in the business. The essential condition of one man control or one man business is that it i. e. a business owned by one person, managed and operated for one’s own profit. Statute of One Ban Business The one man business’ was the earliest to be developed. It is even today, the most common and numerically the largest form of business ownership in the developed and underdeveloped countries of the world. It represents about more than 74% of all the business firms. However the share of sole proprietorship in the national income is small of all the business activities. That is why it Is said of sole traders that they are an awful lot of them but they do not do very much. † Is One Man Control Best in The World? With the advent of Industrial Revolution, introduction of machinery, division of labour, specialization, expansion in the scale of production, greater business risks, diversification of managerial tasks, large capital requirement, etc. , etc. the one man control Is no more the rule of the world. The reason is that ‘one man’ Is not big enough to manage everything. The basic functions of business i, e. , buying, selling, advertising, accounting, insurance, credit, personal management etc cannot be successfully performed by one man. He cannot be expert in all these areas. In addition to this, one man can provide a limited amount of capital for establish and operating a business. His risk bearing capacity is ‘also limited. In the present age of competition and technological advancement, the single proprietor has to seek the aid of other persons, managers, secretaries, advisers, consultants etc. He now is one man among many, though perhaps he is the most important one. The one man control is the best in the world It that one man is big enough to manage everything does not seem to be feasible. The sole trading business is confined now to small scale sector. Suitability of sole proprietorship The sole proprietorship from of organization is existing and competing quite successfully with other forms of organizations like partnership, Joint Stock Company. There are many reasons for it. Sole proprietorship is the most ancient form of business enterprise. If has a weight of tradition behind it. Moreover it is good to experiment with it. The circumstances favorable to sole proprietorship form of organization are: a) Where Market Is Local When the market for a good or service is local, the scale of business opera will be small. The amount of capital required will also be less. Under such circumstances, the sole proprietorship is considered the most suitable from of organization. For example most of the retail trading is controlled by the sole traders. (b) When Personal Contract With Customers is Required There are certain businesses where goods or services are provided according t o the individual tastes or liking of the customers. For example in the beauty parlours, the tailoring shops, cafeterias etc the sole proprietor has a direct link with his customers. He provides the goods and caters to the individual tastes of the customers. So in al these and other similar businesses, sole proprietorship is the most popular and suitable form. (c) Where One Likes, Being His Own Boss There are many owners who cannot work w other persons or under some one else. They want to work hard and succeed in business. Being one own boss and keeping all the profits with himself has a special attraction to run the business individually. (d) Where Promptness is Required in Decision Making There are businesses where immediate decisions is required as warranted by the situation. The businessman has no time to consult others. Far example, the prices of the shares change every rapidly in the stack exchange market. The businessman has to take prompt decisions. In such businesses where demand and prices of goods change quickly, sole proprietorship form of business is most suitable

Subordinating Conjunction Quiz